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EDITH
STEIN
Potency and Act
Translated by Walter
Redmond
Potency
and Act
is the second of three works in
which Edith Stein said she endeavored to fulfill her “proper
mission’ in philosophy, her “life’s task”: relating the
phenomenology of her teacher Edmund Husserl and the scholasticism of
St. Thomas Aquinas. But more than “critically comparing” the two
ways of thinking, she wished to “fuse” them into her own
“philosophical system,” searching for that perennial philosophy
lying “beyond ages and peoples, common to all who honestly seek
truth.”
ISBN
978-0-935216-48-6
ICS Code: PAA
576 pages, paper, $19.95
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Edith Stein was a Jewish
phenomenologist who became a Catholic after reading the
autobiography of St. Teresa of Jesus and entered the order of
Discalced Carmelites founded by the saint. Stein died in Auschwitz
in 1942 and was herself canonized in 1998 as St. Teresa Benedicta of
the Cross.
Her philosophical thinking had been formed by Husserl, but she
came to “find a home in Aquinas’s thought world.” In Potency and
Act she “aimed to get from scholasticism to phenomenology and
vice versa” and “allow the two ways of doing philosophy to come to
resolution within herself.”
The first of the three works in which she carried out her mission
was a play where Husserl and Aquinas appear on stage to discuss
their agreements and differences (in
Knowledge and Faith, ICS Publications, Edith Stein’s
Collected Works, vol. 8). The second, Potency and Act, was
written in 1931 but published for the first time in 1998. The third
was her major work, Finite and
Eternal Being, written around 1935 and also published
posthumously, in 1950 (Collected Works, vol. 9).
Potency and Act is complementary to Finite and Eternal
Being, for they are quite different in content. The approach to
the study of being in Potency and Act is “modal” as the title
implies; her treatment of possible worlds and of form prescribing
possibilities relates to phenomenological themes and also to recent
developments in logical semantics.
Philosophy of religion, of course, is a central concern. We reach
God not only through faith and contemplation, she says, but “by
thinking,” using “logical reasoning” both from the world without (as
in St. Thomas) and from the world within (“the way of St.
Augustine”); indeed, God’s existence is also a “purely formal
conclusion.”
Her many searching analyses are suggestive in their own right: on
human freedom, temporality, self-knowledge, individuality, evolution
(which she “fits into the “scholastic world view”), atheism,
eschatology.
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